BEIJING, China — With the recent commissioning of its third aircraft carrier, China has taken a significant step in expanding its naval capabilities, now holding the position of having the second-largest fleet of such vessels globally, although it remains considerably behind the United States, which operates 11 aircraft carriers.

The Fujian, named after one of China’s coastal provinces, was officially commissioned this week in a ceremony attended by President Xi Jinping. This modern carrier features advanced electromagnetic catapult launch systems, which will enhance the Chinese Navy’s ability to project power across the Pacific and assert its influence in contested regions, including the East China Sea, the Taiwan Strait, and the South China Sea.

Distinct from China’s previous aircraft carriers, the Fujian is the first that was designed and constructed domestically. The nation’s earlier carriers were either refurbished from Soviet-era ships or built based on those designs. The carrier’s launch system allows it to operate a wider variety of aircraft, including heavy warplanes capable of long-range missions without relying on land-based support, a significant improvement over its predecessors.

The introduction of electromagnetic catapult technology is a notable advancement in naval engineering. In contrast to traditional steam catapults, which are used on the U.S. Navy’s Nimitz-class carriers, the electromagnetic system reduces wear on aircraft and can adjust its launching power for various types of planes, including drones and heavier jets. Significant models expected to operate from the Fujian include early warning aircraft and advanced stealth fighters, showcasing China’s evolving military capabilities.

However, the Fujian is not equipped with nuclear propulsion, which limits its operational range to approximately 8,000 to 10,000 nautical miles. U.S. aircraft carriers have virtually limitless range due to their nuclear power plants, enabling longer deployments without the need for refueling. China is reportedly exploring nuclear propulsion for future carriers, signaling a long-term commitment to advancing its maritime capabilities.

While the Fujian’s full-load displacement exceeds 80,000 tons, it still falls short of the more than 100,000 tons of the largest U.S. carriers. Estimates regarding the Fujian’s aircraft capacity suggest it can accommodate between 40 and 60 planes, which is fewer than the 60 to 70 aircraft carried by American carriers. Additionally, the Fujian has fewer aircraft elevators and catapults than the USS Gerald R. Ford, which could affect its operational efficiency.

The development of the Fujian represents not just a tactical upgrade for China’s navy but a broader ambition to enhance its presence on the international stage. As it moves forward with modernization efforts, the implications for regional security dynamics remain significant, with many analysts closely monitoring China’s naval advancements.